Calculating IP Address (Version 4)

There are four octet in IPV4. Each octet has 8 bits. So, there are 32 bits in IPV4. IPV4 is based on binary (0, 1) and decimal (0 to 9).

       1^st Octet                           2^nd Octet                       3^rd Octet                        4^th Octet

          8 bits                              8 bit                               8 bits                              8 bits

2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰   2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰   2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰   2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰

255.255.255.255              255.255.255.255                255.255.255.255          255.255.255.255

How become 255.255.255.255

2⁷  = 128 , 2⁶  = 64 ,  2⁵  = 32 , 2⁴  = 16 , 2³  = 8 , 2²  = 4 , 2¹   = 2 , 2⁰ = 1

128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1= 255

   Decimal                                                         Binary

192.168.1.0             =      11000000   .    10101000   .   00000001   .   00000000  

223. 200. 100. 25    =      11011111   .    11001000   .  01100100   .   00011001

172.16.31. 87          =      10101100   .   00010000   .   00011111   .  01010111

192.168.1.0/24  

                                         

1^st Octet                            2^nd Octet                          3^rd Octet                     4^th Octet

  8 bits                                  8 bit                                  8 bits                         8 bits

2⁷2⁶2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰   2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰   2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰  2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰

                                                   Network                                                        Host

Network Address = 192.168.1.0

Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.255

192.168.1.0 /25

    1^st Octet                           2^nd Octet                          3^rd Octet                               4^th Octet

        8 bits                               8 bit                                8 bits                                    8 bits

 2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰      2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰      2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰      2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰

                                                  Network                                                                             Host

1^st Network Address = 192.168.1.0

Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.128

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.126

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.127

2^nd Network Address = 192.168.1.128

Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.128

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.255

192.168.1.0/26

  1^st Octet                              2^nd Octet                            3^rd Octet                           4^th Octet

    8 bits                                   8 bit                                  8 bits                                8 bits

 2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰     2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰     2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰       2⁷ 2⁶  2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰

                                                             

                                                      Network                                                                        Host

1^st Network Address = 192.168.1.0

Subnet Mask = 192.168.1.192

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.62

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.63

2^nd Network Address = 192.168.1.64

Subnet Mask = 192.168.1.192

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.65 to 192.168.1.126

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.127

3^rd Network Address = 192.168.1.128

Subnet Mask = 192.168.1.192

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.190

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.191

4^th Network Address = 192.168.1.192

Subnet Mask = 192.168.1.192

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.193 to 192.168.1.254

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.255

The Subnet Mask is reverse proportional to host range. The larger the subnet mask, the smaller the host range.