There are four octets in IPv4. Each octet has 8 bits. So, IPv4 is totally 32bits. IPv4 addresses are based on the binary and decimal. Binary is 0 to 1 and decimal is 0 to 9. When all bits are "1"
IPV4
-> 32 bits
1st Octet 2nd Octet 3rd Octet 4th Octet
11111111 .
11111111 . 11111111
. 11111111
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
255 .
255 . 255
. 255
When all bits are "0"
00000000 .
00000000 . 00000000
. 00000000
0 . 0 .
0 . 0
Sometimes, some bits are "0" and some bits are "1" in the same octet. For example, lets see the ip address 192.168.1.0.
(If we will calculate the Ip addresses, we better write down the following formula.)
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64
32 16 8
4 2 1
192.168.1.0
128
64 32
16 8 4
2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128
64 32 16 8 4
2 1 . 0
1
1 0 0
0 0 0
0 . 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
0 . 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 1 . 00000000
11000000.10101000. 00000001.00000000
Now, lets try to change the following binary to decimal !
01110000.11000000.00011001.0
0 1 1 1 0
0 0 0
. 1 1 0
0 0 0
0 0 .
0 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 . 00000000
128 64 32 16 8
4 2 1
112 . 192 . 25 . 0
112.192.25.0